Historical synthetic study. This earlier example and its evidence remain available for inspection. Explore the current CRONUS review and optional planning story. Its figures and benefits must not be combined with this study.

AGX Finance · Covenant decision study · 25 October 2026

One adjustment.
A different covenant result.

A fictional borrower reports leverage below its agreed limit. The conclusion depends on one restructuring adjustment. See what happens when the adjustment is supported, challenged or excluded—and what the finance team needs to review before sign-off.

Synthetic demonstration agreement. Demo Holdings, its terms and source records are fictional. This local demonstration tests the calculation and review controls. It does not establish real-agreement compliance, independent financial or legal approval, customer savings or production readiness.

30 September calculation · Covenant maximum 3.50×

Verify the treatment.
Substantiate the answer.

3.20×within the limit with the evidenced adjustment included
No ratiocannot determine while treatment is unresolved
4.00×outside the limit when the adjustment is excluded

The review question is whether the evidence supports the adjustment. A passing ratio alone cannot answer that. The calculation follows the reviewed terms and supplied facts; your designated reviewers remain responsible for interpretation, source completeness and sign-off.

01 / Covenant determination

Does the evidence support
the covenant result?

The fictional reporting group is measured on 30 September 2026, using four discrete quarters from October 2025 to September 2026. All amounts are US dollars. The $1.2 million restructuring expense has already been deducted from reported earnings.

TreatmentPermitted adjustmentAdjusted EBITDANet leverageDetermination
Included, with eligibility evidence$1,000,000$5,000,0003.20×Within limit
UnresolvedUndeterminedUndeterminedNo ratioCannot determine
Excluded$0$4,000,0004.00×Outside limit

The review began with the adjustment included. Challenging it stopped the determination. A conditional preview tested inclusion without changing or approving the record. The reviewer then excluded the adjustment, approved the new version and calculated the 4.00× breach.

A correctly identified breach is a valid result. The outcome, verification, approval and version used remain separate. Resolving a question does not approve the calculation; a preview never grants approval.

02 / Financial workings

Where does
3.20× come from?

Debt of $18 million less $2 million of nettable cash gives $16 million net debt. Base EBITDA of $4 million plus the capped $1 million adjustment gives $5 million adjusted EBITDA. Dividing $16 million by $5 million gives 3.20×.

Inspect the baseline calculation
Calculation lineAmountBasis
Base EBITDA$4,000,000Four quarters of $1 million each
Eligible restructuring expense$1,200,000Already deducted from base EBITDA
Permitted addback$1,000,000Lower of the eligible expense and the cap
Adjusted EBITDA$5,000,000Base EBITDA plus permitted addback
Funded debt$18,000,000Outstanding term-loan principal
Total cash$3,000,000Includes $1 million restricted cash
Nettable cash$2,000,000Unrestricted cash, subject to the $2 million cap
Net debt$16,000,000Funded debt less nettable cash, floored at zero
Net leverage3.20×$16 million ÷ $5 million; exact ratio 16/5

The synthetic agreement caps addbacks at 25% of nonnegative base EBITDA, rounded down to the cent, and nettable unrestricted cash at $2 million.

Which definitions and stop conditions apply?

The synthetic agreement covers consolidated accrual earnings for four discrete quarters, funded term loans and drawn revolvers, owned USD cash, separately identified restrictions, and restructuring expenses with unique journal references. Consolidation, foreign exchange, cash equivalents, forecast savings and future expenses are outside this definition.

Included adjustments require eligibility evidence and confirmation that the expense was already deducted. Excluded adjustments contribute zero without eligibility approval. Unresolved treatment always prevents a determination, even if another adjustment would use the full cap.

Missing facts or evidence and nonpositive adjusted EBITDA produce “cannot determine,” with no ratio. Malformed, duplicate, contradictory and unsupported records are rejected. An included expense known not to have been deducted cannot be silently accepted. Missing amounts are distinct from explicit zero.

03 / Exact comparison

Same display.
Different outcome.

A displayed ratio of 3.50× can be within or outside the limit. With $5 million adjusted EBITDA and $2 million nettable cash, debt of $19,500,000 meets the limit; one cent more breaches it. The exact amounts decide the result.

Inspect the one-cent boundary cases
Funded debtExact net leverageDisplayedDetermination
$19,499,999.993.499999998×3.50×Within limit
$19,500,000.003.5×3.50×Within limit
$19,500,000.013.500000002×3.50×Outside limit

For positive adjusted EBITDA, the exact test is 2 × net debt ≤ 7 × adjusted EBITDA. Ratios display to two decimals using half-up rounding. The display never decides the outcome. These worked examples were checked separately from the review demonstration.

Additional checks cover restricted cash, the cash cap, negative earnings, duplicate expenses, missing versus zero amounts, and large monetary values. Amounts remain exact to the cent from source to result.

04 / Review before sign-off

Review the treatment.
Approve the calculation.

The demonstration kept review, approval and calculation separate. Changing the treatment required fresh approval; uncertainty stopped a determination.

Inspect the review and approval checks
  • Validate: check that the required records are complete and the agreed definitions can be applied. Uncertainty remains explicit.
  • Review: a person reviews the records, adjustment treatment and calculation version, then approves that exact package. Changes require fresh approval.
  • Calculate: calculate using the approved package. Later edits cannot change the records used for that calculation.
  • Verify: reproduce the result from its saved source records and approved terms. The result and evidence remain available without asking the AI to create a new explanation.

The completed review provides evidence for your existing sign-off process. Approval here authorizes a calculation; it does not issue a lender certificate or replace the signatory’s review.

The assistant helps inspect and challenge the evidence. Reproducing the arithmetic does not establish source authenticity, agreement interpretation or the approver’s authority.

The demonstration rejected outdated approvals, incomplete review packages, attempts to approve previews and final calculations without approval. Earlier source records remained available after a later version was approved.

05 / Evidence & limits

Inspect the results.
Keep their limits.

On 25 October 2026, the September calculation and review workflow passed in a development environment. The recorded calculations and saved evidence passed their checks. Reviewer actions were simulated to test approval controls; they were not independent financial or legal approval.

The public extract contains synthetic financial facts, recorded results and worked examples at the covenant limit. The extract supports inspection of the financial workings. Private account details are excluded. It is not the complete original decision record and cannot establish the original approvals or reproduce the full application run.

What did the review establish?

The determination followed the reviewed treatment. Including the evidenced adjustment produced 3.20×. Challenging it left the answer undetermined. Excluding it produced 4.00×. Each result matched the reference workings, including checks at the exact covenant limit.

The controls held when the answer changed. An earlier approval could not authorize a changed revision, a conditional preview could not become an approved result, and the saved calculation remained available for later inspection.

Customer preparation, interpretation and review effort must be measured in an agreement-specific evaluation.

The demonstrated scope is a fictional covenant calculation and review process. Source amounts are fixed; supported edits change adjustment treatment. A customer agreement and source mapping need their own qualification. The December planning example adds a forecast and permitted choices; it does not change the September result.

Covenant verification comes first. The optional planning example below builds on reviewed covenant constraints, with its own forecast, permissions and approval. ABL is a complementary review, separate from planning. The separate working-capital study uses a different fictional company. Their benefits cannot be combined.

Optional follow-on · 31 December projection · Maximum 3.50×

Cash can be sufficient.
The covenant can still fail.

3.60×October payment with borrowing breaches the covenant
3.23×November without new borrowing meets the limit; exact ratio 3.226×
$10,000modeled net benefit given up to respect the covenant

This separate planning example asks which permitted choice meets both limits. October with borrowing earns a larger modeled benefit and meets the cash floor, but breaches the covenant. Under the reviewed forecast, November without new borrowing is the lowest-cost permitted plan that meets both.

06 / Optional follow-on: planning

Keep the discount.
Respect the limit.

This December projection builds on the reviewed covenant rules, adding its own forecast, payment and funding permissions, and separate approval. Planning is a separately scoped evaluation; this example does not establish a customer’s position or deployment readiness.

A $3 million invoice can be settled for $2.9 million on 1 October, $2.95 million on 30 November, or $3 million on 31 December. A $3 million collection arrives on 30 November. The choice is when to pay and whether to use the quoted $2 million loan.

MeasureOctober with borrowingSelected: November, no new borrowing
Supplier payment1 October · $2,900,00030 November · $2,950,000
New borrowing$2,000,000$0
Supplier discount$100,000$50,000
New-loan interest through repayment$40,000$0
Discount less new-loan interest$60,000 modeled benefit$50,000 modeled benefit
Existing-debt interest through January$240,000$240,000
All interest less discounts$180,000 cost$190,000 cost
Minimum unrestricted cash through January$1,100,000$1,810,000
31 December unrestricted cash$3,890,000$1,870,000
31 December net leverage · limit 3.50×3.60× · Outside limit3.226× · Within limit
Existing debt remaining on 31 January$18,000,000$18,000,000
New debt remaining on 31 January$0$0

The $50,000 is a modeled discount, not total profit or realized savings. Existing interest is paid in either plan. The selected plan gives up $10,000 of net benefit relative to the October choice to meet the covenant. Borrowing principal is never counted as a benefit.

Paying in October without borrowing fails the cash floor. Waiting until December without borrowing also meets the limits, but loses the $50,000 November discount. All three borrowing alternatives breach the covenant. The comparison covers all six permitted payment/borrowing combinations.

What assumptions make this result possible?

Opening balances on 30 September 2026 are $18 million debt and $3 million total cash, including $1 million restricted. Unrestricted cash must remain at least $500,000 on the modeled event dates through 31 January 2027. The covenant is tested only on 31 December, after that day’s payments; January checks establish repayment and liquidity, not a second covenant test.

2026 Q1–Q3 earnings plus a separately reviewed Q4 forecast of $1 million produce $4 million base EBITDA. The retained eligible Q3 restructuring expense adds $1 million after the cap, giving $5 million adjusted EBITDA. The oldest quarter drops out. The synthetic terms exclude financing interest and payment discounts from contractual EBITDA; real agreements need their own interpretation.

Cash netting is capped at $2 million. Restrictions stay at $1 million. Existing interest is $180,000 in December and $60,000 in January; existing principal is unchanged. The new loan draws on 1 October, pays $30,000 interest in December and $10,000 in January, and repays in full on 31 January. All other flows are explicitly zero. Receipts and draws precede that day’s payments. Intraday liquidity is outside this example.

The public extract contains only synthetic financial assumptions, schedules and results. Recorded outcomes and independently worked reference cases are distinguished. It cannot establish the original approvals or reproduce the complete application run.

07 / Planning review

Challenge the forecast.
Reapprove the plan.

The completed local demonstration reviewed and approved the assumptions, compared the baseline with the selected plan, then challenged the Q4 forecast. With that fact unresolved, the answer became cannot determine. A conditional preview did not change or approve the planning record.

Resolving the forecast required a fresh review and approval. Changing the underlying covenant treatment made the earlier planning approval stale. With the adjustment excluded, none of the permitted plans met the covenant; the result was no feasible plan within the agreed choices, not permission to relax the limit.

The saved comparison and its original reviewed assumptions remained available after later changes. Approval authorized analysis only; the demonstration made no payments and drew no loan.

Demonstrated locally on 25 October 2026. The scripted workflow exercised assumption review, approval, plan comparison and later evidence inspection. Reviewer actions were simulated for the demonstration. This is evidence for the fictional example, not independent agreement review, a customer deployment or a turnaround guarantee.

Apply it to your review process

Ask Treasury to review
one completed period.

Ask Treasury and Controllership to assess one covenant against your agreement, supporting schedules and existing calculation. Agree fit, qualification work, preparation and effort first. The wider pilot and any planning evaluation are separate decisions.

Review the covenant pilot →